Presenter says DFI can be retrofitted across fleets to reduce reliance on expensive after-treatment systems

The presenter said Ducted Fuel Injection can be retrofitted into existing engines — including locomotives, large ships, construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles and larger passenger vehicles — and described retrofit as a cost-effective alternative to replacing engines.

"Trucks use very expensive after treatment systems. And so Ducted Fuel Injection, preventing the emissions in the first place, you can end up saving a lot of money," the presenter said. The remarks emphasized that avoiding soot through combustion improvements can make NOx control cheaper and allow operators to rely less on costly after-treatment hardware.

The presenter framed retrofit and compatibility with existing supply chains as central to deployment potential but gave no timeline, procurement plan or cost figures in the transcript.