Presenter: technical, material and financial hurdles make weapon development difficult

The briefing stressed that legal limits are only part of the picture: technical, practical and financial barriers form a second major constraint. "Developing nuclear weapons requires access to expertise, nuclear materials, technology, infrastructure, and substantial financial resources," the presenter said.

The presenter emphasized that these requirements make clandestine programs difficult to sustain without significant external assistance or long-term investment, and that access to specialized infrastructure and materials is a nontrivial barrier for most States.